03032003 March 3, 2003 Attachments
March 3. 2003
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A. MAX BACON, MAYOR
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CH RLES PET WOOD, WARD 7
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RON NEWCOMB, WARD 2
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/JAMES M. HA WKINS, WARD 4
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RESOLUTION
The City of Smyrna Emergency Management Agency has developed, in
partnership with local government and community agencies/organizations which
have primary responsibility for emergency support functions, an approved
emergency management plan. A copy of this plan and/or major revisions are
being submitted to the Georgia Emergency Management Agency by the local
Emergency Management Agency Director, in coordination with the undersigned
local government officials or legally appointed successors. It is ,understood that
the Georgia Emergency Management Agency will review this plan for compliance
with all federal and state requirements.
As authorized local government officials, we understand and agree to the
requirements of the Georgia Emergency Management Act of 1981, as amended,
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Pete Wood, Ward 7 date
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Susan D. Hiott, City Clerk
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All applicable elected local government officials to include the Chairperson of the County
Commission, Mayar(s) of Municipalities, and/or Chief Executive Officer for the jurisdictian(s)
should sign this resolution.
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ORDINANCE NO. 2003-12
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF SMYRNA, GEORGIA, PROVIDING
THAT THE CODE OF ORDINANCES, APPENDIX A, ZONING, CITY OF SMYRNA,
GEORGIA, BE AMENDED BY ADDING TO SECTION 1303 OF SAID CODE:
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE MAYOR AND COUNCIL
FOR THE CITY OF SMYRNA, and it is hereby ordained and established by said
authority, and the Mayor and council hereby adopt he following Ordinance:
Section 1303. Grading permit required; request for variances.
The first paragraph is hereby amended by deleting therefrom the following:
"No grading or other alteration of the land shall commence without a grading permit
issued by the building inspector, A grading permit shall be issued only if the proposed
development is in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance,"
and substituting therefore the following:
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No grading or other alteration of the land shall commence without a grading permit
issued by the building inspector. A site development plan shall be submitted prior to the
issuance of any grading permit. This site development plan shall contain at a minimum the
following components: a grading plan, erosion and sedimentation control plan, tree
preservation plan, future building locations, parking layout and storm drainage design. A
grading permit shall be issued only if the proposed development is in conformity with the
provisions of this ordinance and the Tree Protection Ordinance.
All ordinances, parts of ordinances, or regulations in conflict herewith are repealed as
of the effective date of this Ordinance.
Severability. Should any section of this Ordinance be declared invalid or
unconstitutional by any court of competent jurisdiction, such declaration shall not affect the
validity of the Ordinance as a whole or any part thereof which is not specifically declared to
be invalid or unconstitutional.
The above Ordinance having been read according to law is hereby approved by the
Mayor and Council of the City ofSmyma, Georgia on this 3rd day of March, 2003.
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A. Max Bacon, Mayor
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Attest:
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Susan D. Hiott, CMC
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Ordinance 2003-11
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AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF SMYRNA, GEORGIA, PROVIDING THAT THE
CODE OF ORDINANCES, CHAPTER 82 - SIGNS, BE AMENDED BY REMOVING
SECTIONS 82-1 THROUGH 82-18 IN THEIR ENTIRETY AND REPLACING WITH
82-1,82-2,82-3, 82-4, 82-5,82-6,82-7,82-8,82-9,82-10,82-11, 82-12,82-13,82-14,82-
15,82-16,82-17,82-18, AND 82-19.
Sec. 82-1. Findings and Purpose.
(a) In order to protect the public safety, including traffic safety, to assure aesthetic
harmony and compatibility of signs with surrounding land uses, to enhance the business
and economy of the city, to protect the public investment in streets and highways, to
maintain the tranquil environment of residential areas, to promote industry and commerce,
and to provide for orderly and reasonable display of advertising for the benefit of all its
citizens, the governing authority finds that the improper control of signs would be
detrimental to the common goals of the city. The governing authority thus determines that
the public health, safety and welfare require the adoption of this article.
(b) The governing authority finds that signs and advertising are proper and necessary
,~ uses of private property and can constitute a legitimate business entitled to the protection
of the law. A sign by its very nature is designed to draw an individual's attention to that
sign. This characteristic makes signs a valuable medium of communication; however, this
same characteristic can distract motorists and pedestrians, thus creating traffic hazards.
(c) The governing authority further finds that the clutter created by an excess in
number, size and height of signs creates a distraction to travelers and negatively impacts
the general appearance of an area. Signs may lessen the aesthetic qualities of an area and
may intrude upon the residential character of an area, as well as property values.
(d) The governing authority further finds that signs and advertising should be
reasonably regulated in the interest of traffic safety, aesthetics and public welfare by the
establishment of standards for the location, size, illumination, number, construction and
maintenance of all signs and advertising structures in the city and to ensure that they are
structurally safe and sound.
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(e) The governing authority recognizes that the City of Roswell and the City of
Smyrna share in common many of the same characteristics. Both are located within the
Atlanta Metropolitan area, and face the same challenges concerning traffic safety and
aesthetics, Because of this, the governing authority looks to and incorporates the study
conducted by the City of Roswell entitled The Public Purposes of Roswell's Sign
Ordinance and the implications of doing without it, a position paper prepared by Jerry
Weitz, Ph.D., AICP, Planning Director, as support for the governing authority's regulation
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Ordinance 2003-11
and control of signs within the City of Smyrna. In addition to other evidence provided at
the adoption of ordinance.
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Sec. 82-2. Definitions.
For the purposes of this article, the following terms shall have the respective meanings
ascribed to them:
Banner sign means a strip of cloth, paper, canvas, or similar material, on which a message,
slogan or emblem is painted, drawn or otherwise projected, colored or shaped with only
such material for a backing for the purpose of advertising or drawing attention to a product,
object, facility, activity or idea,
Clock sign means any timepiece erected outside of any building for the purpose of
advertising the business on the premises on which it is located.
Code Enforcement Officer means a code enforcement officer employed by the governing
authority for the City of Smyrna or his/her designee duly authorized to enforce the Sign
Ordinance.
Commercial message means any message that promotes a business or attempts to generate
good will for a business; any message that advertises a product or service for sale; and any
message that proposes a commercial transaction. Any sign containing any commercial
message shall be regulated as a commercial sign.
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Community Development Department means the Community Development Department or
its employees employed by the governing authority for the City of Smyrna or its designees
duly authorized to administer and enforce the Sign Ordinance.
Community medical facility means a hospital or mental-health facility with one (1) or more
buildings comprising a minimum of forty-thousand (40,000) square feet of covered floor
space.
Fascia sign means a vertical sign attached to the front of the building that is below the top
edge of a sloping roof and that extends not more than eighteen (18) inches above the lower
edge of the sloping roof.
Ground based monument sign means a sign securely affixed to a substantial support
structure which contains a permanent foundation which consists of a 3' high brick
monument base attached to the ground and wholly independent of any building for
support. Such sign is not a pole based sign.
Hanging sign means a sign attached to and supported by a building or other structure and
which extends at any angle there from. Such signs must be located a minimum of 10'
above the sidewalk and extend no further than 2' beyond the buildingface.
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Ordinance 2003-11
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Illuminated sign means a sign designed to give forth artificial light directly or through
translucent material from a source of light within such sign or a sign illuminated by an
extemallight directed primarily toward such sign and so shielded that no direct rays from
the light are visible elsewhere other than on the lot where such illumination occurs.
Instructional sign means a sign used to give direction or specific instruction to the public
such as, but not limited to, "Center," "Exit," "No Parking," "Drive Through," "Restroom,"
and so forth. Such signs shall contain only instructional information and shall not contain a
commercial message.
Nonconforming sign means any sign which does not conform to the provisions of this
article.
On-premises advertising sign means a sign containing a commercial message for the
purpose of promoting, advertising, or selling a product or service obtainable on the
premises where the sign is located,
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Permanent foundation means that portion of any sign structure that is attached to the
ground or other structure attached to the ground through the use of concrete footings or
other man-made material that is not capable of being removed without the aid of
mechanical or other machinery.
Planned industrial park means two (2) or more industrial or office buildings containing a
minimum of forty-thousand (40,000) square feet of covered floor space under either
common ownership or common control via a property management association.
Planned shopping development means two (2) or more stores or office spaces containing a
minimum of twenty-thousand (20,000) square feet of covered floor space on the same
undivided lot.
Pole sign means a sign with a permanent foundation where the sign face is supported on a
pole, poles (or other sign structure) and the area beneath the sign face in a direct vertical
plane from the sign face to the ground is exposed to view, open, or allows for someone to
see through any of the space beneath the sign face.
Projecting sign means any sign which is attached to a building or other structure and
extends more than six (6) inches beyond the line of the building or structure or beyond the
surface of that portion of the building or structure to which it is attached.
Real estate sign means a sign erected by the owner, or the owner's agent, advertising the
real property upon which the sign is located for rent, lease or for sale and the total area of
each sign face shall be no larger than 4 square feet. Such signs shall contain the words
- "for sale", or "for lease", or "for rent", and the name of the owners or owner's agent, and
the owner or the agent's telephone number for purposes of contact. Information specific to
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Ordinance 2003-11
the property may also be displayed including, but not limited to, the number of rooms,
baths, basement, fixtures, garage, and school district.
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Sandwich sign means a movable sign not secured or attached to the ground.
Security identification sign means a sign indicating that a security system is located on the
premIses.
Sign means any letter, figure, character, mark, plane, point, marquee sign, design, poster,
pictorial, picture, stroke, stripe, line, trademark, reading matter or illuminated service,
which shall be so constructed, placed, attached, painted, erected, fastened or manufactured
in any manner whatsoever, so that the same shall be used for notification or the attraction
of the public to any place, subject, information, person, firm, corporation, public
performance, article, machine or merchandise whatsoever which is displayed in any
manner whatsoever whether outdoors or indoors in such a manner as to be visible from any
sidewalk, public street, or right-of-way.
Sign face means the area within a continuous perimeter enclosing the limits of writing,
representation, emblem or any figure or similar character, together with any frame or other
material or color forming an integral part of the display or used to differentiate such sign
from the background against which it is placed, excluding the supports or uprights on
which such sign is placed For projecting or double-faced signs only the larger of the
display faces shall be used in computing the total area of the sign face for that sign.
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Sign Height shall be measured in a plane from ground level to the top of the sign. For
monument signs, the 3' high brick base shall be utilized in the computation of total sign
height.
Sign Structure means all portions of a sign not including the sign face.
Temporary on-premises advertising sign includes any sign with a commercial message,
including but not limited to a banner or advertising display constructed of cloth, canvas,
light fabric, cardboard, wall board or other light materials, with or without frames,
intended to be displayed for a short period of time only, not to exceed forty-five (45)
consecutive days within a six (6) month period, on the lot where the commercial activity is
to take place, but does not include real estate signs or signs with non-commercial
messages.
Vertical projecting sign means any sign which is greater in height than in width.
Wall sign means a sign applied to or mounted to the wall or surface of a building or
structure, the display surface of which does not project more than six (6) inches from the
outside wall of such a building or structure. The total lettering on one (1) side of a building
or structure shall constitute one (1) wall sign. -
Sec. 82-3. Signs Not Requiring permits.
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Ordinance 2003-11
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The following types of signs do not require sign permits, provided however, that these
signs must comply with all applicable regulations of this article unless specifically
exempted:
(a) Nonilluminated real estate signs located on the property for sale or lease, provided
such signs are not located on any public right-of-way,. Such signs shall be removed
within ten (10) days after the subject lot or building is leased or sold.
(b) Signs erected on behalf of a governmental authority in the exercise of its proper
jurisdiction. Such signs are exempt from the regulations of this article. Such signs include
but are not limited to safety signs, traffic signs, street signs and signs advertising a city-
sponsored community event.
(c) Historic markers or signs containing a non-commercial message describing the
historic nature of that property, where such property has been designated to be a historic
property with the total area of each sign face not exceeding 32 square feet.
(d) Signs on private property directing traffic movement, with the total area of each
sign face not exceeding 2 square feet, and not advertising any business, service or
product. Such signs shall not be allowed on any public right-of-way.
~ (e) Signs containing a non-commercial message only, with the total area of each sign
face not exceeding 32 square feet.
(f) Security identification signs with the total area of each sign face not exceeding 4
square feet.
(g) Seasonal displays and decorations located within the city, including but not limited
to Halloween, July 4th, Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, and Easter, so long as the
seasonal displays and decorations do not contain commercial messages. Such seasonal
displays and decorations are exempt from the limitations of the Sign Ordinance.
(h) Noncommercial announcements located within the city, including but not limited to
birthday announcements, new births, and anniversaries, so long as the announcements do
not contain commercial messages.
Sec. 82-4. Sign permit--Required.
(a) Except as specifically excluded under ~ 82-3 of this article, it shall be unlawful for
any person to post, display, or erect a sign without a permit.
(b) A new sign permit is required when cost of changes to the sign structure are more
- than 50 percent of the reconstruction cost of the entire sign.
Sec. 82-5. Same-Application.
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Ordinance 2003-11
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(a) The sign owner or the sign owner's agent shall file applications for sign permits
with the Community Development Department or its designee upon forms furnished by
the governing authority, Such application shall describe and set forth the following:
(1) The type of sign structure to be constructed showing that it satisfies the
requirements of the Standard Building Code or its amendments unless specifically
exempted by this article. Any reference in the Standard Building Code or its
amendments that refers to outdoor advertising displays shall be read as being
applicable to all sign structures to be permitted.
(2) Engineering drawings of the sign structure signed and sealed by a
professional engineer licensed and registered in the State of Georgia.
(3) The construction cost of the sign,
(4) The street address of the property upon which the sign is to be located, a
diagram of the proposed location of the sign on the property, and the size of the
property on which the sign structure is to be located.
(5) The square footage of each sign face.
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(6)
The number of sign faces.
(7) The names and addresses of the owners of the real property upon which the
subject sign is to be located.
(8) Written consent of the owner of the real property, or the owner's agent,
granting permission for the placement and maintenance of subject sign.
(9) Name, address, and phone number of the sign contractor.
(10) Proof of insurance.
(11) Name, address, and phone number of a contact person III case of
emergency.
(12) The distance from the proposed sign structure to the closest adjacent sign
structure.
(b) Proof that all other required permits for the construction of the sign have been
obtained.
(c) Within fifteen (15) days of change of ownership of a sign, a sign owner notification -
notice must be filed with the Community Development Department or its designee. Such
notification notice form shall be available from the governing authority.
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Ordinance 2003-11
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(d) The governing authority may rely upon the contact person provided in the sign
application for purposes of notice to the permit holder concerning the sign.
(e) Failure to obtain a sign permit as required shall be grounds for removal of the sign
pursuant to this article.
(f) The governing authority shall process all sign permit applications within forty-five
(45) business days of the actual receipt of a completed application and sign permit fee.
The Community Development Department or its designee shall give notice to the
applicant of the decision of the governing authority by hand delivery or by mailing a notice
to the address on the sign permit application on or before the forty-fifth (45th) business day
after receipt of the completed application. If mailed, notice shall be deemed to have been
given upon the date of mailing in conformity with this section. If the governing authority
fails to act within the forty-five (45) day period, the sign permit shall be deemed to have
been denied.
(g) Any sign permit application that is incomplete, fails to comply with the provisions
of this ordinance, or contains false statements shall be denied.
Sec. 82-6. Same-Fees.
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No permit shall be issued until the appropriate application has been filed with the
Community Development Department and the fees have been paid to the city as provided
below:
(a)
Area of sign 1-10 square feet. . .
$15.00
(b)
Area of sign 11--25 square feet. . .
$30.00
(c)
Area of sign 26--50 square feet. . .
$45.00
(d) Area of sign 51 square feet and greater. . . $60.00
Sec 82-7. Inspection.
A sign permit shall become null and void if the sign for which the permit was issued has
not been completed and inspection requested within six (6) months after the date of
Issuance.
(a) The holder of the sign permit shall be responsible for contacting the
Community Development Department to arrange inspection of the sign within the
six (6) months after the date of issuance of the sign permit.
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Ordinance 2003-11
(b) The inspection shall be conducted by a representative of the Community
Development Department pursuant to the provisions of the Standard Building
Code or its amendments and other applicable ordinances.
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Sec. 82-8. Same--Revocation.
The Community Development Department, its designee, or a code enforcement officer are
authorized and empowered to revoke any permit issued under this ordinance upon failure
of the holder thereof to comply with any provision of this article.
Sec. 82-9. Removal of signs.
(a) Any sign, except as otherwise exempted, that violates the requirements of this
article shall be subject to removal and all other penalties as provided by this article.
(b) For signs with a permanent foundation in violation of this article:
(1) The Community Development Department, its designee, or a code
enforcement officer shall send written notice of the violation by regular mail to the
contact person listed on the sign permit application or to the property owner on
which the sign structure is located if no sign permit application has been completed
for the sign in violation.
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(2) The notice shall indicate that the contact person or property owner shall
have ten (10) days to appeal the decision of the Community Development
Department, its designee, or a code enforcement officer to remove the sign from the
date of mailing of the written notice.
(3) Pursuant to section 82-17 the contact person or property owner may appeal
the decision to the Mayor and Council for a hearing regarding the violation. At the
hearing the person contesting the sign violation and the city shall be allowed to
present evidence as determined by the rules for hearing (adopted by the Mayor and
Council).
(4) Failure to appeal the notice of violation within ten (10) days of mailing of
the notice of violation shall be deemed a violation and the sign shall be subject to
removal.
(c) All signs without a permanent foundation unless otherwise exempt under the sign
ordinance shall be subject to removal and any other enforcement allowed under this article
by the Community Development Department, its designee, any code enforcement officer
or any other enforcement officer as determined by the governing authority.
(d) Any commercial sign not currently in compliance with this article must be brought
into compliance within thirty (30) days after a change of ownership or discontinuance of
operation of the commercial entity on the lot on which the commercial sign is located. For
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Ordinance 2003-11
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planned shopping centers, free-standing signage advertising more than one tenant must be
brought into compliance within thirty (30) days after either a change in ownership for the
entire center or if more than 50% of tenants (as of March 3, 2003) are discontinued or
changed.
(e) Any fascia sign that is attached to any building listed on the National Registry of
Historic Places shall be removed within thirty (30) days after a change of ownership of the
building or discontinuance of operation of the commercial operation shown on the sign.
The governing authority recognizes that fascia signs violate the standards applicable to
historic places and detract from the historic and aesthetic nature of such property.
(f) Lawful removal of any sign in violation of this ordinance, as provided in this
article, shall be without liability to the governing authority, its officers, agents, servants,
and employees. The permit holder shall be responsible for the costs of removal. If there is
no permit holder, then the sign owner shall be responsible. If there is no permit holder and
the sign owner cannot be found, then costs of removal shall be the responsibility of the
property owner where the sign structure was located.
(g) The city clerk or his/her designee shall certify the amount for the cost of removal to
the city attorney if the cost of removal is not paid by one of the responsible parties.
(h) The city is authorized to take such action as allowed under law to collect the cost of
-- removal.
Sec. 82-10. Nonconforming signs.
Signs lawfully existing on the effective date of the ordinance, March 3, 2003, from which
this article is derived which do not conform to the provisions of this article shall be
deemed to be non-conforming signs and may remain, except as otherwise specifically
qualified by this article.
(a) No non-conforming sign structure may be enlarged or altered such that the square
footage of the sign face is increased.
(b) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prevent keeping in good repair a
nonconforming sign. No repairs totaling more than 25 percent of the reconstruction cost
of the entire sign shall be allowed except to make the sign comply with the requirements of
this article.
(c) All nonconforming signs must be in such condition so that they do not constitute a
safety hazard as determined by the Standard Building Code or its amendments unless
specifically exempted by this article,
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(d) Failure to comply with the requirements of this section shall be grounds for the
Community Development Department, its designee or a code enforcement officer to issue
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Ordinance 2003-11
notice of violation and proceed with steps to remove the sign in violation as allowed under
this ordinance.
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Sec. 82-11. Insurance requirements.
It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in the business of erecting or maintaining
signs within the city unless and until such entity shall have obtained a certificate of
insurance from an insurance company authorized to do business in the state evidencing that
the entity has in effect liability and property damage insurance in the sum of $25,000.00
dollars for property damage for anyone (1) claim and liability insurance in an amount not
less than $100,000.00 dollars for injuries, for injuries to anyone (1) person. The
certificate of insurance shall state that the insurance carrier will notify the not less than city
thirty (30) days in advance of any termination and/or restriction of the coverage.
Sec. 82-12. Prohibited signs and sign devices.
The following types of signs or advertising devices are prohibited in all zoning districts of
the city, unless otherwise indicated:
(a) Roof sign, which is any sign erected upon and above a roof structure and
wholly supported by the roof structure or a structure placed upon the roof.
(b) Signs with flashing, intermittent or animated illumination or effect are
prohibited; provided, however, that time and weather informational signs, and
official warning or regulatory signs erected by a governing authority in the exercise
of its proper jurisdiction are exempt from this restriction.
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(c) Commercial signs in residential districts except as otherwise allowed within
this ordinance.
(d) A spectacular sign which is an advertising display sign, advertising copy
that is animated, constructed of metal, wired for lights or luminous tubing, or both,
with copy action controlled by flashed circuit breakers or matographs and attached
on an open face steel structure built especially for that purpose. This definition does
not include signs which indicate time, temperature, or date.
(e) Signs on public right-of-way except signs exempt under Section 82-3.
(f) Signs which contain or are in imitation of an official traffic sign or signal
and are not erected pursuant to the governing authority, excepting construction signs
and barricades.
(g) A mobile sign which is a sign attached to, mounted on, pasted on, painted or
drawn on any trailer, or other non-motorized vehicle, that is placed, parked or
maintained at one (1) particular location for the purpose and intent of promotion, or
conveying a commercial message, except that this shall not apply to any vehicle or
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Ordinance 2003-11
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trailer allowed by the Georgia Department of Transportation having the sign attached
thereto as part of the operational structure of the vehicle or trailer.
(h) Pole signs.
(i) Snipe sign which is any sign of any material whatsoever that is attached in
any way to or placed upon a utility pole or mailbox situated on public or private
property.
G) Air or gas-filled devices such as balloons or streamers containing a
commercial message.
(k) Searchlights.
(I) Any sign containing a sign face on more than two sides.
(m) Any sign attached to a bench or a trash can.
(n) Pennants, not consisting of national flags, or streamers.
Sec. 82-13. Prohibited content of signs.
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It shall be unlawful for a person to display:
(a) Any expression defined as obscene by O.C.G.A. S 16-12-80.
(b) Any message, communication, activity, or product prohibited by the laws or
regulations of the United States, the State of Georgia, Cobb County, or the City of
Smyrna.
Sec. 82-14. Prohibited methods of erection.
No sign shall be constructed, erected, used, operated or maintained:
(a) In any residential district, within 10 feet from the back of the sidewalk or
within 15 from the edge of the road nearest to the sign where a sidewalk does not
exist.
(b) Which is attached to or placed against a building in such a manner as to
prevent ingress or egress through any door or window of any building, nor shall
any sign obstruct or be attached to a fire escape.
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(c)
On the wall or fascia of any building on the National Register of Historic
Places,
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Ordinance 2003-11
(d) No freestanding sign shall be located within 25 feet of the point where the
right-of-way lines from two intersecting streets or roads meet.
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Sec. 82-15. Requirements for all signs.
(a) All signs shall comply with the following provisions:
(1) All sign structures shall be constructed so as to comply with the Standard
Building codes or its amendments unless specifically exempted by the article. Any
reference in the Standard Building Code or its amendments that refers to outdoor
advertising displays shall be read as being applicable to all commercial sign
structures.
(2) If a sign requires a sign permit then the sign structure must be a ground
based monument sign structure.
(3) No sign shall be taller than 25 feet in non-residential districts, except as
specifically allowed elsewhere in this article, and not taller than 4 feet in residential
districts. The sign height shall be measured in a vertical plane from ground level to
the top of the sign. The level of the ground shall not be altered solely to provide
additional sign height.
(4) No illuminated signs shall be constructed within 100 feet of any single-
family dwelling.
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(5) No illuminated sign shall produce more than 100 watts of light which shall
be directed away from adjacent property and the right-of-way.
(6) All signs shall be maintained so as not to constitute a health or safety hazard
as defined by the rules and regulations of the Cobb County Board of Health.
(7) No sign shall be erected which blocks from view any traffic or street sign,
signal or public service sign as viewed from the right-of-way.
(8) No series, lines or rows of electric, neon or other lights shall be allowed,
except where expressly permitted under the terms of this article or any other
ordinance enacted by the governing authority.
(9) Any sign containing a commercial message may also contain a non-
commercial message.
(b) In addition to general regulations and restrictions applying to all sign
classifications, freestanding signs and wall or fascia identification signs shall comply as
follows:
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Ordinance 2003-11
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(1) Community Medical Facility, Planned Industrial Park or Planned Shopping
development identification.
a. Areas designated as community medical facility, planned industrial
park or planned shopping development shall be permitted one (1)
freestanding ground based monument sign per development (community
medical facility and planned shopping center) or per lot (planned industrial
park) with a 3 foot high brick monument base being a maximum of 25 feet
in height and the total area of each sign face not exceeding 150 square feet.
The sign height shall be measured in a plane from ground level to the top of
the sign.
1. This structure shall be a type of sign that will provide space
for all businesses in the center.
2. Individual signs qualifying as wall or fascia signs may be
permitted for individual businesses within the center. Square footage
will be determined by the following formula: 2 square feet
multiplied by the number of feet of frontage the store occupies
within the center. This may be used up to a maximum of 60 square
feet.
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3.
Sign letter height may not exceed 3 feet.
(2) Commercial identification not within a Community Medical Facility, Planned
Industrial Park or Planned Shopping Development on property zoned: CBD, LC, NS, OJ,
GC, OD, LIor PS
a. Each building shall be permitted one (1) ground based monument
sign with a maximum area of 32 square feet and a maximum height of 8
feet. The ground based monument sign shall be set on 3 foot high brick
base. The brick base shall be included in the computation of the total
building height. The sign height shall be measured in a plane from ground
level to the top of the sign.
b. Each business or building shall be permitted one (1) wall or fascia
sign with a maximum area of 40 square feet.
(3) Regulation and restrictions applicable to instructional signs.
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a. Such signs shall contain only instructional information and shall not
be used for the purpose of business name and/or advertisement or contain a
commercial message.
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Ordinance 2003-11
b. Signs limited to traffic direction and services shall be limited to one
(1) at each vehicular entrance to the property and no closer than within 50
feet of another such directional sign located on the same property.
....,
(c) Freestanding signs shall be mounted perpendicular to the street adjacent to the
property and contain the street identification number. Plans for said signs shall be
submitted to the Community Development Department. The edge of such signs is
required to be at least 10 feet from the right-of-way in all authorized zones.
(d) No sign structure shall be erected that any portion of the sign structure is located
directly over any public right-of-way such that a plane originating from the right-of-way
projecting up in a 90 degree angle would intersect with any portion of the sign structure.
(e) Every sign structure located adjacent to a walkway shall be placed at least 10 feet
above the walkway on private property over which it is erected, and a distance not greater
than 2 feet from the face of the wall to which it is attached, measuring from the point of the
sign nearest thereto, nor shall any sign or part thereof extend nearer the curb line than 1 foot.
Sec. 82-16. Signs allowed in zoning districts.
If not otherwise stated, any sign not specifically allowed in a zoning district as provided
under this section or in a variance in existence as of March 3, 2003, shall be prohibited in
that district, except as otherwise provided for under this article.
-.,
(a) No signage other than house number, historic marker, original house designation,
street identification number, real estate sign, security identification sign, yard sale sign, or
sign containing a non-commercial message shall be allowed on any residential property in
the city. No sign with the total area of each sign face greater than 32 square feet shall be
allowed on any residential property in the city. No other signs containing commercial
messages shall be allowed on any residential property in the city.
1. Any literature packets, notices such as under contract, reduced price, new
price or other ancillary information on real estate signs must be displayed within
the prescribed 32 square feet allowed for each sign face area.
2. There shall be at least a distance of 15 feet between the location of the sign
and the sides of the lot except that any lot that is less than 60 feet wide shall be
allowed one sign for that lot to be placed no closer than 10 feet from the side of the
lot.
3. For lots greater than 60 feet in width, no sign shall be closer than 25 feet to
another sign on the same lot with a maximum of 3 signs allowed per lot.
4. One yard sale sign may be displayed on the premises where a yard sale is
being held on the day of the sale only. The governing authority considers yard sale
signs to be a part of the incidental occupation of the residential property and not
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Ordinance 2003-11
,""
commercial activity under this ordinance. The area of each yard sale sign face shall
not exceed 2 square feet and shall comply with all other provisions of this
ordinance.
(b) The following signs shall be allowed within the nonresidential zoning districts in
the city unless otherwise specified herein:
1. Any sign allowed in a residential district.
2. A sign containing a non-commercial message with the area of each sign
face not exceeding 32 square feet.
3. Signs containing a commercial message with an area of each sign face not
larger than the square footage as determined in Section 82-15. Any sign containing
a commercial message may also contain a non-commercial message.
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4. Temporary on-premises advertising signs, including banners, relating to the
initial opening or final closing of a business or service, provided the area of each
sign face shall not exceed 16 square feet and shall not be closer than 20 feet to the
pavement of any street or on any public right-of-way. Such signs shall be approved
by the Community Development Department for a maximum period of forty-five
(45) days within a six (6) month period, after which they shall be removed.
Sec. 82-17. Administration; enforcement; remedies; appeals.
(a) Enforcement and administration. This article shall be administered and enforced by
the Community Development Department, its designee, any code enforcement officer, or
any other personnel authorized by the governing authority.
(b) Remedies.
(1) A code enforcement officer, or other personnel authorized by the governing
authority, are authorized to issue a citation for violation of this ordinance, institute
an action for an injunction, remove the sign pursuant to Section 82-9, or proceed
with other appropriate action or proceeding to prevent the violation of this
ordinance.
a. Any citation issued for violation of this ordinance shall be taken to
the municipal court of the City of Smyrna and prosecuted as any other
criminal citation within the municipal court.
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b. Any suit for injunction filed on behalf of the governing authority as
authorized above shall be filed in a court of competent jurisdiction and
prosecuted as any other suit for injunction within that court as allowed by
law.
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Ordinance 2003-11
(2) Any citation, injunction, or other appropriate action or proceeding to
prevent the violation of this ordinance may be taken against the owner or erector of
the sign, the owner of the property on which the sign is located, or any other person
or entity that has an ownership interest in the sign or property.
......
(3) Each day such violation is committed, or permitted to continue, shall
constitute a separate offense and shall be punishable as such.
(4) All remedies and penalties specified in this article are cumulative.
(e) Appeals,
(1) An individual whose sign has been removed pursuant to this ordinance, or
whose permit application has been denied, or a permitee whose permit has been
revoked may appeal the decision of the Community Development Department, its
designee, a code enforcement officer or other appropriate enforcement officer to the
Mayor and Council for a hearing on the removal of the sign, the denial of the sign
permit application, or the revocation of the sign permit, provided that such
individual files a written notice of appeal with the city clerk within ten (10)
business days of the mailing of the Community Development Department, its
designee, or code enforcement officer's decision.
(2) Such appeal shall be considered by the Mayor and Council at its next
regularly scheduled meeting provided that such notice of appeal is received a
minimum of five business days prior to the meeting. In the event the notice of
appeal is received less than five business days prior to the next meeting of the
Mayor and Council, the appeal shall be considered within thirty-five (35) days after
receipt by the city clerk of the written notice of appeal.
......
(3) The code enforcement officer or other appropriate officer shall present
evidence before the Mayor and Council supporting the decision of removal of the
sign, denial of the permit application, or revocation of the sign permit at the
hearing. The person disputing the decision of the Community Development
Department, its designee or code enforcement officer or other appropriate officer
may present evidence before the Mayor and Council at the hearing. If no hearing
concerning the appeal is held within thirty-five days of receipt by the city clerk of
written notice of appeal, the appeal shall be deemed denied.
(4) The appeal hearing shall be conducted according to rules and procedures
adopted by the Mayor and Council for public hearings. The Mayor and Council
shall determine a ruling on the appeal within ten (10) business days of the appeal
hearing and send written notice to the appellant of the Mayor and Council's
decision, If no decision is reached within ten (10) business days of the hearing, the
appeal shall be deemed denied. ~
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Ordinance 2003-11
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(5) In the event an individual whose sign has been removed, or whose permit
has been denied, or whose sign permit has been revoked is dissatisfied with the
decision of the Mayor and Council, that individual may petition for writ of
certiorari to the superior court as provided by law.
Sec. 82-18. Severability and Amendments.
(a) It is hereby declared to the be the intention of the governing authority that the
sections, paragraphs, sentences, clauses and phrases of the Sign Ordinance are severable,
and if any phrase, clause, sentence, paragraph or section of this ordinance shall be declared
unconstitutional or invalid by judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction,
the unconstitutional or invalid phrase, clause, sentence, paragraph shall be struck and the
remaining, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, and sections shall be effective as if the
unconstitutional or invalid portion had not existed.
(b) If any provision of this article conflicts with any other provision of this article, any
provision of the Standard Building Code or its amendments as adopted by the governing
authority, any other applicable ordinance, statute, or law, the provision that contains the
more stringent regulation shall be enforced.
Sec. 82-19 Effective date of this ordinance.
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!
The effective date of this ordinance shall be immediately upon passage by the governing
authority. All ordinances and parts of ordinances concerning signs in conflict with this
ordinance are hereby repealed.
Approved by Mayor and Council this 3RD day of March, 2003.
Attest:
/~
A. Max Bacon, Mayor
~f).~
Susan D. Hiott, City Clerk
City of Smyrna
Appr ved as to form:
Scott A. Cochran, City Attorne
City of Smyrna
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AFFIDAVIT OF CHRISTOPHER S. MILLER
-1-
My name is Christopher S. Miller, I am over the age of 21 years and otherwise competent
to make this Affidavit. I suffer from no legal disability. This Affidavit is based upon my personal
knowledge and experience and is true. This Affidavit is offered in support of the sign ordinance
to be considered by adoption by the Mayor and City Council of Smyrna, Georgia on March 3,
2003 (Ord.#2003-11).
-2-
I am the Community Development Director of Smyrna and have held that position since
early 2001. I graduated from Florida State University in 1991 with a degree in Urban Economics
and earned a Masters Degree in Urban Planning in 1993, I am a member of the American
Institute of Certified Planners.
-3-
Throughout my career I have been involved in the review, application and amendment of
sign ordinances for several communities.
I participated in drafting the proposed ordinance and believe it to be in the best interest of
the health, safety and general welfare of the citizens of Smyrna,
-4-
The sign ordinance under consideration restricts the location of signs and as a result helps
avoid damage to persons and property. The signage controls within the ordinance are designed to
promote traffic safety and avoid traffic accidents. Unregulated signs may lessen the utility of
public safety signs.
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Signs may affect the character of a community as well as property values. The size,
height, location and general condition of signs may have an impact upon surrounding land uses
and property values. Certain signs could result in an overall image of blight and a reduction of
property vales, Smyrna's sign ordinance is designed to ensure that signage is compatible with its
surrounding environment.
-6-
The sign ordinance under consideration attempts to insure that signs within Smyrna are
compatible with adjacent land uses and with the total visual environment of the community.
-7-
The size of signs which provide adequate identification in. pedestrian oriented business
areas differs from that necessary in vehicular-oriented areas where traffic is heavy, travel speeds
are greater and required setbacks are greater than in pedestrian areas.
This, the ,2 X day of ;::~bIU')t'Y
,2003.
~ 4 /Jfdr
CHRlSTOP R S. MILLER
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.<\rticlc 22 Signs and Advertising
Roswell Zoning Ordinance
APPENDIX A - ORDINANCE 2003-11
247
Section 22A Appendix to the Roswell Siqn Ordinance
THE PUBLIC PURPOSES OF
ROSWELL'S SIGN ORDINANCE
AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF DOING WITHOUT IT
Directive
In response to a recent Fulton County Superior Court ruling relative to the city's sign ordinance,1
I was directed by Michael McGuire, Roswell's community development director, to prepare a
position paper outlining the purposes of sign regulations and discussing the implications and
effects of Roswell doing without its sign ordinance.
PUBLIC SAFETY RATIONALES
Historically, communities and courts had to go to great lengths to justify billboard and sign
regulations on the basis of public safety alone. Consider the ruling of a court in 1905 with
regard to the public safety justifications for billboard and sign regulation:
"In cases of fire they [signs] often cause their spread and constitute barriers against their
extinction; and in cases of high wind, their temporary character, frail structure and broad
surface rencer them liable to be blown down and to fall upon and injure those who may
hapoen to be in their vicinity. The evidence shows and common observation teaches us
that the ground in the rear thereof is constantly used as privies and dumping ground for
all kinds of waste...that behind them the lowest form of prostitution and other acts of
immorality are frequently carried on, almost under public gaze; they offer shelter and
concealment for the criminal while lying in wait for his victim" 2
This passage conjures up images in cartoons, where a motorist who is speeding along a
highway is chased and then caught by the motorcycle cop who was "lying in wait for his victim"
using a billboard as "concealment." These images are hardly true anymore, if indeed they ever
were, as billboards are rarely so close to the ground as to provide opportunities for
concealment.
Today, builcing code requirements address many of the public concerns about dangerous
signs. The Standard Building Code provisions relative to signs are supposed to ensure that
they will not pose a fire hazard and are appropriately anchored or secured so that they don't fall
cr blow down on someone. However, the building code does not regulate the location of signs,
except to prevent them from interfering with an entryway or fire escape.3 Nor does the building
code regulate to any significant degree the size of signs, their materials, their height, or their
SMD, LLP. and Liaoiiity Limited, Inc. v City of Roswell. Civil Action File No. E-65358. November 18, 1999.
2 Cit'l of Passaic v Paterson Bill Postinq and Siqn Paintinq Co., 72 N.J,L 285,62 A. 267 (1905), cited in Robert R
'/Iright and Morton Gitelman. 1982. Land Use: Cases and Materials, 3d. Ed.. pp. 1022-1023. St. Paul: West
hblishing Co., 1982.
,...... 3 Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc. Standard Buildinq Code. 1994. SectIon 3108.1.9" Location
~ Restrictions.
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Article 22 Signs and Advertising
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color. Building code provisions for signs are woefully inadequate to deal with other public safety
problems inherent in the erection of signs. A sign ordinance restricts the location of signs and
helps to avoid damage to persons and property. Without a sign ordinance. signs can pose a
clear danger to public safety. In short, it has long been recognized that signage controls are
needed to promote traffic safety and avoid traffic accidents. A 1980" Federal Highway
Administration study found a positive correlation between billboards and accident rates.4
Signs too close to the road can cause accidents. Without additional regulation, signs can be
placed dangerously close to rights-of-ways in locations where they might be struck by an
oncoming vehicle using the road or having to veer off the road.
Signs can impair visibility. The placement of signs can interfere with the sight of motorists
trying to exit a driveway onto a public road.
Signs distract motorists. Commercial signs, by their very nature, are designed to direct, if not
distract, motorists to turn off the roadway and into a property to frequent a business. To the
extent that commercial signage captures the sight and attention of a motorist, it distracts
motorists from the primary purpose of safely maneuvering a vehicle along the road.
Signs can confuse motorists by mimicking traffic safety signals and signs. Motorists
might confuse signs that contain flashing or blinking red, green, or yellow lights (such as a
lighted portable sign adjacent to the road) with roadway traffic signals. Signs constructed of
shapes like an octagonal "stop" sign might also impair public safety.
Excessive window signs may conceal robberies.
A retail merchant may elect to have a building and entrance that does not provide visibility to the
exterior at all. However, most merchants do elect to provide visibility via glass doors and
windows. Signs controls, such as Roswell's, often limit the amount of storefront window and
door areas that can be covered with signs. Without signage, storefront windows offer visibility
from the outside that help to dissuade robbers from "holding up" a store at gunpoint. However,
absent regulations for window signs, general observation suggests that merchants will plaster
their windows with sale and product signs, sometimes to the point that visibility of activities
within the store is almost entirely concealed. Limits on window signs can provide for an
appropriate minimum of exterior visibility and thus increase public safety of commercial areas
through a reduction in crime potential. This observation is based on participation by police staff
in the writing of Albany, Georgia's comprehensive sign ordinance in 1989.
PUBLIC HEALTH RATIONALES
Robert Ulrich, a professor of environmental psychology at Texas A & M, has found that the
impact of roadside blight significantly raises stress levels and reduces peoples' ability to solve
problems. The passage below explains relevant results of that study:
"Researchers had 160 people drive simulated commutes. First, .., the subjects
performed difficult math problems or viewed workplace safety videos that showed
workers getting their hands chopped off. Then, once they were stressed, the 160 people
4 Scenic Amenca. Fact Sheet (1): Billboard Control: Fiqhtinq Visual Pollution. (http://www.scenic.ora/fact1.htm.)
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Article 22 Signs and Advertising
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were assigned randomly to one of four rides in a simulator at 35 mph... During the
simulated commute, stress levels were monitored by checking blood pressure,
respiration, heart rate, skin conductance, facial muscle activity and eye movements. For
those exposed to a rural setting or a parkway, stress levels declined relatively quickly,
while stress levels for people exposed to strip developments remained high... After the
commute, the study's subjects did math problems or were shown videos to measure
their work productivity and ability to deal with stress... People exposed to the
sprawlscape fared poorly. 'If our research is replicated, it would be justified to raise the
possibility of roadside blight and strip sprawlscapes being in some respects a public
health issue,' Ulrich said.us
While the above referenced results cannot be attributed exclusively to signs, it is safe to assume
that commercial signage contributes to the experiences resulting from the simulated commutes.
Further, these results have led the organization, Scenic America, to conclude that "sign
overload causes negative mental and physical effects." 6
Moreover, Scenic America indicates the following, implying that billboards may increase the
frequency of alcohol and tobacco use because companies selling tobacco and alcohol are the
most frequent users of billboards:
City after city has found most billboards are located in low-income, minority
neighborhoods, and that most billboards in those neighborhoods advertise alcohol and
tobacco. A Baltimore, MD, study revealed that three out of four billboards were located in
the city's minority neighborhoods. Of those billboards, 75 percent advertised alcohol and
tobacco products. Other studies in Chicago, Detroit, Louisville, Atlanta, and elsewhere
reveal similar trends. Alcohol and tobacco advertisers are leading users of billboards
according to the most recent Advertising Age figures. Of 1993's top ten billboard users,
eight are tobacco or alcohol companies. In the first quarter of 1995, tobacco was the
leading category of products advertised on billboards." (Scenic America web page)
PUBLIC WELFARE AND PUBLIC INTEREST RATIONALES
Signs can degrade property values. A principal purpose of land use regulations, including
sign controls, is to protect and preserve property values. As planner Fred Bair notes, "There is
no question that signs may affect the character of districts and the value of buildings, or that
they are not appropriate in different parts of a town." 7 The size, height, materials of
construction, location, condition, and attributes of signs can have an impact on surrounding and
nearby land uses. For instance, if signs were unregulated, large, tall signs could be erected in
the city's single family residential districts. Such signs, if erected, would be out of character with
residential neighborhoods and could result in the lowering of property values for residential use.
As another example, blighted signs and antiquated signs and sign structures (i.e., the pole with
a blank structure for a sign face) can contribute to an overall image of blight and a reduction of
S Anna Borgman. June 18, 1995. 'Suburbia's Signs of Stressful Times: The Washinaton Post. As described in
Meg Maguire, Ray Foote. and Frank Vespe. 1997. "Beauty As Well As Bread: Journal of the American Planninq
.Association 63, 3: 317-328. See footnotes 4 and 5.
6 Scenic Amenca. Fact Sheet (1): Billboard Control: Fiqhtinq Visual Pollution. htto://wNwscenic.orq/fact1,htm.
7 Bair Jr" Frederick H. 1979, Planninq Cities, (Chicago: American Planning .A.ssoclation). pp. 244-254,
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property values in declining areas, if not addressed and removed via sign controls. Sign
regulations, including Roswell's sign code, are designed to ensure that signage is compatible
with its surroundings and does not take away from the character of particular districts.
Unregulated signage can degrade the utility of public safety srgns. In some places,
unregulated signs can reduce the effectiveness of signs needed to direct the public due to
competition with other signs and the resulting reduction in visibility of pub:ic purpose signs.
Certain signs, particularly billboards, provide little if any useful information. Business
identification signs are certainly essential to the economic success of businesses. However, not
all commercial messages serve such public purposes. As noted by Scenic America, it is likely
that many people get little or no useful information from billboards.
All other advertising mediums are regulated, so why not unavoidable impacts of
advertising signs? The Federal Communications Commission regulates our air waves and
television stations and the content that passes through them. Aside from the Highway
Beautification Act of 1965, there is little if any federal involvement in the regulation of signs. I
find this lack of federal regulation interesting in the sense that signs are one of the most
obtrusive forms of advertising. Signage is probably the only type of advertising that cannot be
turned off or rejected by the consumer. Radio advertisements can be avoided by turning off the
radio. The same is true with television advertisements; we flip channels or take a break when
television commercials come on. Junk mail can be thrown away. We quickly flip past the
advertisements in our favorite magazine when we are disinterested. Phone solicitations can be
avoided with "caller identification" or terminating the conversation. The same cannot be said of
outdoor advertising structures and commercial signs. One's vision of signage cannot be turned
off. We are captivated by signage when we drive down the road. How do you avoid signs? We
must keep our eyes open to drive and cannot block out signs from our peripheral vision.
Perhaps one could take an alternative route that is not developed with signs, but that's not
always feasible. Absent federal and significant state regulation, it is in the public interest for
cities and counties to control signage.
Signs derive their value from public improvements. Why do businesses exist and prosper?
Because consumers have access to their locations via public rights-of-ways. Would a
commercial business sign do any good if there was not a public road from which to view it?
Probably not. Businesses locate, and signs are constructed, because of the access the
community provides to business locations. It is precisely these types of advertising that are the
principal target of local sign regulation - most of the signs controlled locally are those which are
visible from public ways. It is the public way that creates the value for the person erecting the
sign, and visibility from the public way is what creates the problems which give rise to the need
for sign controls. This is a pretty sound rationale for sign regulation, in my opinion. It logically
follows, if one accepts the premise that the public way provides value, that the public therefore
has a right, and indeed an obligation, to control the problems that arise from creating that value,
Unregulated signs adversely impact public investments. Sign regulations help to assure
that public benefits derived from expenditures of public funds for the improvement and
beautification of streets and other public structures and spaces are protected.s In the case of
Roswell, imagine the impact that unregulated signs would have on the $1 million streetscape
improvements made to Canton Street, the city's signature historic streetscape? Unregulated
signs, if permitted to be erected on Canton Street, would almost assuredly neutralize those
~ Mesa, Arizona. sign ordinance. hltP./lwww.ci.mesa.az.us/planninq/siqnordhlm#443
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streetscape investments. The same can be said for other corridors of the city, within which
Roswell is currently establishing design guidelines to approve their appearance. Unregulated
signs have the potential to negate those public investments, as well.
BUSINESS INTEREST RATIONALES
Sign regulation is in the interest of businesses, whether their owners and operators
realize it or not. One often overlooked justification for the regulation of signs is that sign
regulations benefit those businesses that seek to advertise, Simply put, unregulated
competition among business results in too many signs. Unregulated erection of signs can reach
a "point of diminishing returns" (Bair 1979) where individual business signs are not adequately
visible. Rodney Cobb, in an article about portable signs, has also made this point.
Business owners, wanting higher visibility than their competitors, clutter the landscape
along roadways with portable and other types of signs. Yet, in the forest of signs their
messages are lost because the number of signs is overwhelming. The spiraling
competiton for visual recognition thus defeats the purpose of the signs themselves _ to
carry a message, usually a commercial one (Cobb 1988).9
Think about this one. I certainly find it true. I observed this phenomenon when I worked for the
Albany Dougherty Planning Commission and I would travel the commercial strip known as
"Slappey Boulevard" in Albany. After (conservatively) more than two or three dozen trips down
this thoroughfare, on one vehicle trip I recall thinking to myself: "Hey, I've never noticed that sign
or business the~e before!" Patrons of individual businesses located along the unregulated
commercial strip may miss their destination because they cannot find the particular business in
the sea of adven:ising devices. The unregulated commercial strip signage also can work to the
cetriment of individual businesses in that they are forced to erect larger and more costly signs to
outdo their neighboring businesses and competitors. Therefore, sign regulations benefit
individual business owners. This is somewhat paradoxical but true, because business owners
are usually the most vocal opponents of local sign regulations.
In the words of Scenic America, "sign clutter, like a room full of screaming kids, so distracts the
consumer that no message gets through clearly. Having smaller and fewe~ signs enables
businesses to de a better job selling their wares at less cost."
The lack of sign controls causes uncertainty among prospective business owners.
Roswell's sign ccde provides prospective businesses with guidance on how much signage they
may have, whe~e it is allowed to be located and what types of signs are permitted. Without sign
controls, business owners lack such guidance. In Roswell, a design review board reviews all
building facades, site plans, and sign applications. Without a sign code, it appears that sign
permit applications are left to the discretion of the design review board. Such a situation could
have detrimental impacts on businesses, either through inequitable treatment or a delay in the
time involved in the permitting of signs. Such potential detrimental impacts would not exist or
would be mitigated with a clear set of sign regulations.
9 Cobb, Rodney L. ;'pnl 1988. Portable Signs: Law and Regulations. Land Use Law and Zoninq Diqest. (Chicago:
American Planning ;'ssociation). pp. 3-7.
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AESTHETIC RATIONALES
Let's face it. When all is said and done, we can give many reasons to justify the city's sign
ordinance. However, among the most relevant reasons are to promote and ensure the
aesthetics of the community. In the earliest days of sign regulations, relying on aesthetics as a
rationale could not legally justify local sign controls. The United States Supreme Court began a
slow transformation, from its previous position that aesthetics alone could not justify land use
regulations, to a position that aesthetic considerations were legitimately within the scope of
police power. In 1954, Justice Douglas of the high court found the following:
The concept of public welfare is broad and inclusive. The values it represents are
spiritual as we!1 as physical, aesthetic as well as monetary. It is within the power of the
legislature to determine that the community should be beautiful as well as healthy,
spacious as well as clean, well balanced as well as carefully controlled.1o
Sign regulations help communities maintain their scenic heritage and unique character. Without
Roswell's brand of sign regulation, including board/commission review, its commercial areas will
likely end up looking like any other place. Signs can interfere with scenic views. The
appearance of the community, which is substantially influenced by signs, is essential to the
city's long-term economic viability and helps determine how residents and visitors alike perceive
it. Sign control is an integral part of improving visual character and quality of life. A look at
some of the purpose and intent statements of other local sign codes helps to underscore the
various aesthetic purposes served by regulating signs:
· Provide a rp.asonable balance between the right of an individual to idp.ntify his business and
the right of the pubiic to be protected against the visual discord resulting from the
unrestricted prolife:ation of signs and similar devices.
Insure that signs are compatible with adjacent land uses and with the total visual
environment of the community.
Recognize that the size or signs which provide adequate identification in pedestrian-oriented
business areas differs from that necessary in vehicular-oriented areas where traffic is heavy,
travel speeds are greater, and required setbacks are greater than in pedestrian areas.
Encourage signs which are well-designed and compatible with their surroundings and with
the buildings to which they are appurtenant (Source: Westminster, Colorado sign code,
http://'NWW.ci.westminster.co.us/code/title11/t11c11.htm).
Encourage creative and well-designed signs that contribute in a positive way to the City's
visual environment, express local character, and help develOp a distinctive image for the
City. Predictable and mediocre signs are discouraged.
Encourage signs that are responsive to the aesthetics and character of their particular
location, adjacent buildings and uses, and the surrounding neighborhood. Signs should be
compatible and integrated with the building's architectural design and with other signs on the
property (Source: City of West Hollywood Draft Sign Ordinance, htto://'NWW.
cmcaolans.com/wehosiqn. htm).
In recognition of the City's dependence on commerce and a truly unique and picturesque
environmental setting, the City adopts this chapter in order to promote and protect the
health, safety and general well being of its citizens; to protect and enhance harmonious and
~o
Berman v Parker 348 U.S. 26,75 S. Cl. 98. 99 L. Ed.27 (1954).
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2003-11
Article 22 Signs and Advertising
Roswell Zoning Ordinance
253
historically significant architecture; and to encourage high aesthetic quality, human scaled
and pedestrian friendly development within the City of Traverse City (Michigan).
An excess of large, ugly, intense signs causes a visual blight on the appearance of the City
by detracting from views of structures and open space. This visual blight adversely affects
the aesthetic quality of life and traffic safety in Santa Monica for residents, businesses,
pedestrians, and persons in vehicles. In order to promote the appearance of the City, while
protecting the rights of sign owners to expression and identification, the regulation of
existing and proposed signs is necessary to protect the public health, safety and general
welfare.
The purpose of the Santa Monica Sign Code is to encourage signs which are integrated with
and harmonious to the buildings and sites which they occupy, to eliminate excessive and
confusing sign displays, to preserve and improve the appearance of the City as a place in
which to live and to work and as an attraction to nonresidents who come to visit or trade...
(Source: City of Santa Monica, California. 9.52.020 Findings and purpose.
htto:llpen2.ci. santa-monica .ca. us/citv/municode/art09/9. 52/9 .52.020. html).
Preserve or enhance town character and scenic vistas by encouraging new and
replacement signage which is: 1. creative and distinctive; 2. compatible with the
surroundings; 3. appropriate to the type of activity to which it pertains; 4. expressive of the
identity of individual; 5. appropriately sized in its context, so as to be easily readable
(Source: Bethel, Maine).